Eight Genes of my Chromosome
1.
MIR122:
a.
Otherwise
known as microRNA122;
microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNA's that are involved in
post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms
by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as
part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be
either protein-coding or non-coding.
b.
The
mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which
recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most
commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target
mRNA.
2.
TCF4:
a.
Otherwise
known as transcription factor 4;
this gene encodes transcription factor 4, a basic helix-loop-helix
transcription factor.
b.
This
gene is broadly expressed, and may play an important role in the nervous system
development. Defects in this gene are
a cause of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome.
3.
MBP:
a.
Otherwise
known a myelin basic proteins;
the protein encoded by the classic MBP gene is a major constituent of the
myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system.
b.
This
complex gene structure is conserved among species suggesting that the MBP
transcription unit is an integral part of the Golli transcription unit and that
this arrangement is important for the function and/or regulation of these
genes.
4.
MC4R:
a.
Otherwise
known as melanocortin 4 receptor;
the protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-bound receptor and member of the
melanocortin receptor family.
b.
Defects
in this gene are a cause of autosomal dominant obesity.
5.
BCL2:
a.
Otherwise
known as B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2;
this gene encodes an integral outer mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks
the apoptotic death of some cells such as lymphocytes.
b.
In
some cases of translocation of BCL2 to Ig heavy chain locus, it is thought to
be the cause of follicular lymphoma.
6.
AQP4:
a.
Otherwise
known as aquaporin 4
; this gene encodes a member of the aquaporin family of intrinsic membrane
proteins that function as water-selective channels in the plasma membranes of
many cells.
b.
Two
alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been
found for this gene.
7.
NFATC1:
a.
Otherwise
known as nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic,
calcineurin-dependent 1. The product of
this gene is a component of the nuclear factor of activated T cells DNA-binding
transcription complex
b.
Proteins
belonging to this family of transcription factors play a central role in
inducible gene transcription during immune response.
8.
FECH:
a.
Otherwise
known as ferrochelatase;
the protein is encoded by this gene is localized to the mitochondrion, where it
catalyzes the insertion of the ferrous form of iron into protoporphyrin IX in
the heme synthesis pathway.
b.
A
pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 3.
microRNA’s: Mature
microRNAs are short, single-stranded RNA molecules approximately 22 nucleotides
in length. MicroRNAs are sometimes encoded by multiple loci, some of which are
organized in tandem co-transcribed clusters.
myelin basic proteins:
The protein encoded by the classic MBP gene is a major
constituent of the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the
nervous system.
melanocortin 4 receptor: Melanocortin receptors
are activated by
members of the melanocortin
family
B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2:
is a
protein-coding gene.
Hayes, William.
"MIR122 Gene." - GeneCards. 2 Sept. 2012. Web. 6 Apr. 2015.
<http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=MIR122&search=603d7b140e0534818770b5c4bb2dd795>.
George, Stanley.
"MBP." 18 Feb. 2010. Web. 6 Apr. 2015.
<http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=MBP&search=e606e6e6684fe21c2eb7ec8fca53ed22>.
Williams, Douglas.
"MC4R Gene." - GeneCards. 8 May 2011. Web. 6 Apr. 2015.
<http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=MC4R&search=9be0c957a75e72f52cb54e9e2538a7b5>.
Jones, Howard. 19
Oct. 2010. Web. 6 Apr. 2015.
<http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=BCL2&search=6db800980162c2e36500720c067d1dad>.
AQP4:
I believe this gene fits me the closest out of the
eight I have chosen. Encodes a member of the aquaporin family of intrinsic
membrane proteins that function as water-selective channels in the plasma
membranes of many cells. AQP4 is an RNA gene, and is affiliated with the
antisense RNA class. If I understand the
meaning it is stating that those who have this gene find it difficult with their
senses. I myself have difficulty with senses.
Is cloning an organism the same as cloning a gene?
You may have heard about researchers cloning, or identifying, genes that are responsible for various medical conditions or traits. What's the difference? When scientists clone an organism, they are making an exact genetic copy of the whole organism, as described above.In cloning a gene, a circular piece of DNA from bacteria is cut and the new gene is inserted. Then the gene replicates in the bacteria and it can be used for other organisms. It's called "genetic modification" and is used in a lot of the food we eat. Organism cloning is taking an egg from the host, and taking out the nucleus, and some other things, along with an electrical shock, and implanting it into the host animal. This process makes it easier to study the function of the individual gene in the laboratory.
Cloning a Specific Gene
The foregoing descriptions are generic approaches to creating recombinant DNA. However, a geneticist is interested in isolating and characterizing some particular gene of interest, so the procedures must be tailored to isolate a specific recombinant DNA clone that will contain that particular gene. The details of the process differ from organism to organism and from gene to gene. An important initial factor is the choice of an appropriate vector for the job at hand.
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